Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQ Questions

Resources And Development Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQ Questions are available here. They provide a better understanding of Chapter 1 Resources And Development, helping you score well in exams. The MCQ questions are made by subject experts from Study Shiksha. You can take a screenshot of the Answers key for quick access to the answers.

Resources And Development Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQ Questions

Question 1: What are resources?

a) Things that satisfy our needs

b) Things that are technologically accessible

c) Things that are economically feasible

d) Things that are culturally acceptable

e) All of the above

Question 2. Which factors are involved in the transformation of resources?

a) Nature

b) Technology

c) Institutions

d) All of the above

Question 3. How do human beings interact with nature?

a) Through technology

b) Through institutions

c) Through cultural practices

d) All of the above

Question 4. Why do human beings create institutions?

a) To promote economic development

b) To govern the use of resources

c) To distribute resources

d) All of the above

Question 5. Are resources freely available in nature?

a) Yes

b) No

Question 6. How do human beings contribute to resources?

a) By transforming materials in the environment

b) By extracting resources

c) By utilising resources

d) All of the above

Question 7. What are the three criteria for resources to be considered usable?

a) Technological accessibility

b) Economic feasibility

c) Cultural acceptability

d) All of the above

Question 8. Can resources be considered independently from human activities?

a) Yes

b) No

Question 9. What are biotic resources?

a) Resources that come from living organisms

b) Resources that come from non-living sources

c) Resources that are freely available in nature

d) Resources that are renewable

Question 10. What are abiotic resources?

a) Resources that come from living organisms

b) Resources that come from non-living sources

c) Resources that are freely available in nature

d) Resources that are renewable

Question 11. Give an example of a renewable resource.

a) Coal

b) Oil

c) Solar energy

d) Natural gas

Question 12. Name a non-renewable resource.

a) Wind energy

b) Uranium

c) Timber

d) Fish

Question 13. What are individual resources?

a) Resources owned by individuals

b) Resources owned by communities

c) Resources owned by the government

d) Resources owned by corporations

Question 14. Provide an example of a community resource.

a) National parks

b) Public parks

c) Oil reserves

d) Gold mines

Question 15. Name a national resource.

a) International waters

b) Personal property

c) National parks

d) Solar energy

Question 16. Give an example of an international resource.

a) Fossil fuels

b) Gold

c) International waters

d) Timber

Question 17. What are potential resources?

a) Resources that are known to exist but not yet utilised or developed

b) Resources that are currently being utilised

c) Resources that are abundant and freely available

d) Resources that are renewable

Question 18. What are reserved resources?

a) Resources that are known to exist but not yet utilised or developed

b) Resources that are currently being utilised

c) Resources that are abundant and freely available

d) Resources that are renewable

Question 19. What are some examples of biotic resources?

a) Coal and petroleum

b) Iron and copper

c) Timber and crops

d) Solar energy and wind energy

Question 20. Can you provide examples of abiotic resources?

a) Coal and petroleum

b) Iron and copper

c) Timber and crops

d) Solar energy and wind energy

Question 21. What is an example of a potential renewable resource?

a) Solar energy

b) Geothermal energy

c) Coal

d) Oil

Question 22. Give an example of a highly exhaustible non-renewable resource.

a) Solar energy

b) Wind energy

c) Uranium

d) Timber

Question 23. What are common examples of individual resources?

a) Personal belongings such as cars and houses

b) Public parks

c) National parks

d) International waters

Question 24. Give an example of an international resource.

a) National parks

b) Public parks

c) International waters

d) Solar energy

Question 25. What are some examples of developed stock resources?

a) Cultivated farmland

b) Constructed buildings

c) Roads and bridges

d) All of the above

Question 26. Why are resources essential for human survival and quality of life?

a) They provide necessary materials and services

b) They enhance the quality of life

c) They support human survival

d) All of the above

Question 27. What has led to indiscriminate use of resources?

a) The belief that resources are free gifts of nature

b) The need for economic development

c) Technological advancements

d) All of the above

Question 28. What ecological crises are a result of indiscriminate resource exploitation?

a) Global warming

b) Ozone layer depletion

c) Environmental pollution

d) Land degradation

e) All of the above

Question 29. Why is equitable distribution of resources important?

a) It promotes global peace

b) It reduces social and economic disparities

c) It ensures sustained quality of life

d) All of the above

Question 30. Why is resource planning crucial?

a) It helps in managing and allocating resources efficiently

b) It ensures present needs are met without compromising future needs

c) It promotes sustainability

d) All of the above

Question 31. What is sustainable development?

a) Development that prioritises environmental protection

b) Development that meets the needs of the present generation

c) Development that does not compromise the needs of future generations

d) All of the above

Question 32. What is the goal of sustainable development?

a) To meet the needs of the present generation

b) To meet the needs of future generations

c) To achieve a balance between development and environmental protection

d) All of the above

Question 33. When was the first International Earth Summit held?

a) June 1992

b) June 1990

c) June 1994

d) June 1988

Question 34. Where was the first International Earth Summit held?

a) New York, USA

b) Geneva, Switzerland

c) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

d) Paris, France

Question 35. What was the purpose of the first Earth Summit?

a) To address urgent global issues related to environmental protection

b) To promote socio economic development

c) To establish international cooperation

d) All of the above

Question 36. What declarations were signed at the Rio Earth Summit?

a) Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity

b) Declaration on Resource Utilisation and Management

c) Declaration on Sustainable Development Goals

d) Declaration on International Cooperation

Question 37. What did the Rio Convention endorse?

a) The global Forest Principles

b) The global Water Conservation Principles

c) The global Energy Conservation Principles

d) The global Waste Management Principles

Question 38. What is Agenda 21?

a) A declaration signed by world leaders in 1992

b) A plan for global sustainable development

c) A framework for environmental protection and socioeconomic development

d) All of the above

Question 39. What is the aim of Agenda 21?

a) To achieve global sustainable development

b) To promote economic growth

c) To address poverty and disease

d) All of the above

Question 40. What does Agenda 21 focus on combating?

a) Environmental damage

b) Poverty

c) Disease

d) All of the above

Question 41. What are the main principles of Agenda 21?

a) Common interests

b) Mutual needs

c) Shared responsibilities

d) All of the above

Question 42. What is a major objective of Agenda 21 for local governments?

a) To create their own local Agenda 21

b) To address sustainable development at the local level

c) To promote community participation

d) All of the above

Question 43. Why is planning crucial for the use of resources?

a) To ensure their sustainable management

b) To optimise their utilisation

c) To avoid resource depletion and environmental damage

d) All of the above

Question 44. Does India have diverse availability of resources?

a) Yes

b) No

Question 45. Are there regional variations in resource availability in India?

a) Yes

b) No

Question 46. Are there regions in India that are self-sufficient in resources?

a) Yes

b) No

Question 47. Can you provide examples of resource-rich regions in India?

a) Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh

b) Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana

c) Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu

d) Bihar, Odisha, and West Bengal

Question 48. What are the challenges faced by resource-rich regions in India?

a) Poverty and unemployment

b) Environmental degradation

c) Inequitable distribution of benefits

d) All of the above

Question 49. What is the importance of resource planning in India?

a) To ensure sustainable development

b) To promote equitable distribution of resources

c) To avoid resource depletion and environmental damage

d) All of the above

Question 50. Which agency is responsible for resource planning in India?

a) NITI Aayog

b) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

c) Ministry of Earth Geographys

d) Ministry of Mines

Question 51. At what levels is balanced resource planning necessary?

a) National level

b) State level

c) Regional level

d) Local level

e) All of the above

Question 52. Why is balanced resource planning important?

a) To ensure efficient utilisation of resources

b) To promote equitable distribution of resources

c) To support sustainable development

d) All of the above

Question 53. What does resource planning in India involve?

a) Identifying and inventorying resources

b) Utilising appropriate technology and institutions

c) Aligning plans with national development goals

d) All of the above

Question 54. Since when has India prioritised resource planning?

a) Second Five Year Plan

b) Fourth Five Year Plan

c) First Five Year Plan

d) Eighth Five Year Plan

Question 55. Is availability of resources alone sufficient for development?

a) Yes

b) No

Question 56. Are resource-rich regions in India always economically developed?

a) Yes

b) No

Question 57. What attracted foreign invaders during colonisation?

a) Cultural heritage

b) Rich resources

c) Historical landmarks

d) Political stability

Question 58. How did the technological development of colonising countries contribute to resource exploitation?

a) By promoting sustainable practices

b) By conserving resources

c) By enabling resource exploitation

d) By supporting local communities

Question 59. When do resources contribute to development?

a) When accompanied by appropriate technology and institutional changes

b) When available in abundance

c) When controlled by a centralised authority

d) When exported to other countries

Question 60. What does development in India require besides resource availability?

a) Technology

b) Quality of human resources

c) Historical experiences of the people

d) All of the above

Question 61. What are some factors that play a role in the development of India?

a) Resource availability

b) Technology

c) Skilled human resources

d) Collective experiences of the people

e) All of the above

Question 62. What can happen if resources are consumed irrationally and over-utilized?

a) Socio-economic problems

b) Environmental problems

c) Both a and b

d) None of the above

Question 63. Why is resource conservation important?

a) To overcome problems caused by irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources

b) To increase resource availability

c) To promote economic growth

d) To attract foreign investments

Question 64. Who emphasised the importance of resource conservation in the past?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Nelson Mandela

c) Martin Luther King Jr.

d) Albert Einstein

Question 65. What did Gandhi believe about resource availability?

a) There is enough for everybody’s need, but not for anybody’s greed

b) Resources should be evenly distributed

c) Resources are limited and should be conserved

d) None of the above

Question 66. What did Gandhi identify as the root causes of global resource depletion?

a) Lack of technological advancements

b) Greedy and selfish individuals

c) Exploitative nature of modern technology

d) Both b and c

Question 67. What solution to resource conservation did Gandhi advocate for?

a) Mass production

b) Production by the masses

c) Foreign investments

d) Global resource sharing

Question 68. What is the significance of production by the masses in resource conservation?

a) It emphasises decentralised and sustainable production methods

b) It promotes mass consumption

c) It leads to resource depletion

d) It encourages resource hoarding

Question 69. What are the benefits of resource conservation?

a) Reduction of waste

b) Protection of ecosystems

c) Preservation of biodiversity

d) Promotion of responsible and efficient resource use

e) All of the above

Question 70. What role can individuals play in resource conservation?

a) Adopting sustainable practices

b) Reducing waste

c) Promoting recycling

d) Making conscious consumption choices

e) All of the above

Question 71. What is the significance of land as a natural resource?

a) It supports various aspects of life

b) It provides natural vegetation and wildlife habitats

c) It facilitates human activities and transportation

d) All of the above

Question 72. Why is it important to use land carefully and with proper planning?

a) Land is finite, and sustainable development requires its careful use

b) Land is abundant, and it can be utilised without planning

c) Land is government property, and its use is regulated

d) Land should be left untouched for future generations

Question 73. What are some of the relief features found in India?

a) Mountains

b) Plateaus

c) Plains

d) Islands

e) All of the above

Question 74. What percentage of land area in India consists of plains?

a) Approximately 10%

b) Approximately 27%

c) Approximately 43%

d) Approximately 60%

Question 75. How much of India’s total surface area is covered by mountains?

a) Approximately 10%

b) Approximately 20%

c) Approximately 30%

d) Approximately 40%

Question 76. What are some contributions of mountains in India?

a) Perennial flow of rivers

b) Tourism

c) Ecological aspects

d) All of the above

Question 77. What percentage of India’s area is covered by plateaus?

a) Approximately 10%

b) Approximately 20%

c) Approximately 27%

d) Approximately 40%

Question 78. What are some resources found in plateaus in India?

a) Mineral reserves

b) Fossil fuels

c) Forests

d) All of the above

Question 79. Why is the preservation and conservation of land resources important?

a) To maintain ecological balance

b) To protect biodiversity

c) To support agriculture and industry

d) To ensure resources for future generations

e) All of the above

Question 80. What are forests in terms of land utilisation?

a) Land covered by trees

b) Land with agricultural crops

c) Barren land

d) Urban settlements

Question 81. What does barren and waste land refer to?

a) Land with fertile soil

b) Land covered by forests

c) Unproductive or unused land

d) Land with industrial infrastructure

Question 82. Give an example of land put to non-agricultural uses.

a) Agricultural fields

b) Forests

c) Buildings, roads, factories, etc.

d) Grazing land

Question 83. What does other uncultivated land refer to?

a) Land with potential for cultivation

b) Land with natural vegetation

c) Land not used for cultivation

d) Land under forest cover

Question 84. What is the purpose of permanent pastures and grazing land?

a) Livestock grazing

b) Agriculture

c) Industrial development

d) Urban settlements

Question 85. What does land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves indicate?

a) Land with commercial crops

b) Land with fruit trees

c) Land used for tree crops not included in the net sown area

d) Land with cash crops

Question 86. What is culturable waste land?

a) Land used for waste disposal

b) Land left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years

c) Barren land

d) Land with natural vegetation

Question 87. What are fallow lands?

a) Agricultural lands intentionally left uncultivated for a certain period of time

b) Land with multiple crops

c) Land with livestock grazing

d) Barren land

Question 88. What is the current fallow land?

a) Land left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years

b) Land left uncultivated for one agricultural year or less

c) Land with permanent crops

d) Barren land

Question 89. What is “other than current fallow”?

a) Land left uncultivated for one agricultural year or less

b) Land left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years

c) Land with permanent crops

d) Barren land

Question 90. What does the net sown area represent?

a) The total land area of a country

b) The physical extent of land where crops are sown and harvested

c) The area under forest cover

d) The area used for non-agricultural purposes

Question 91. How is the gross cropped area calculated?

a) By adding the net sown area and the area sown more than once in an agricultural year

b) By subtracting the net sown area from the total land area

c) By multiplying the net sown area by the number of crops grown

d) By dividing the net sown area by the total land area

Question 92. What are some factors that influence land use in India?

a) Topography, climate 

b) Technology, cultural tradition 

c) Soil types, population density

d) All of the above

Question 93. What percentage of India’s total geographical area has available land use data?

a) 50%

b) 70%

c) 93%

d) 100%

Question 94. Why is the decrease in land under permanent pasture a concern?

a) It affects the natural habitat of wildlife

b) It reduces grazing options for livestock

c) It has consequences for feeding the large cattle population

d) It impacts the tourism industry

Question 95. How does the net sown area vary across states in India?

a) It remains constant across all states

b) It is highest in states with dense forests

c) It varies significantly, ranging from over 80% in some states to less than 10% in others

d) It is highest in coastal states

Question 96. What is the impact of the forest area falling short of the desired 33% outlined in the National Forest Policy?

a) It leads to deforestation

b) It affects the livelihoods of people living near forests

c) It disrupts the ecological balance

d) It increases urbanisation

Question 97. What does waste land include?

a) Agricultural land

b) Industrial land

c) Rocky, arid, and desert areas

d) Forested areas

Question 98. What does land put to non-agricultural uses encompass?

a) Agricultural land

b) Forested areas

c) Settlements, roads, railways, industries, etc.

d) Wasteland

Question 99. What are some causes of land degradation?

a) Deforestation and overgrazing

b) Mining activities and Industrialization

c) Industrialization and Improper agricultural practices

d) All of the above

Question 100. How can land degradation be prevented or minimised?

a) Afforestation and reforestation

b) Soil conservation measures

c) Proper land-use planning

d) Sustainable agricultural practices

e) All of the above

Question 101. What is the predominant soil type in the arid and semi-arid regions of India?

a) Red soil

b) Black soil

c) Alluvial soil

d) Desert soil

Question 102. Which factors contribute to the formation of desert soil?

a) Strong winds and sandstorms

b) Volcanic activities

c) Intense rainfall and flooding

d) Glacial movement

Question 103. Where is desert soil found in India?

a) Thar Desert

b) Western Ghats

c) Gangetic Plains

d) Himalayan region

Question 104. What are the characteristics of desert soil?

a) High fertility and moisture retention

b) Rich in organic matter and nutrients

c) Coarse texture and low moisture retention

d) Deep, well-drained profile

Question 105. Which type of vegetation is commonly found in regions with desert soil?

a) Tropical rainforest

b) Deciduous forest

c) Mangrove forest

d) Xerophytic vegetation

Question 106. What is laterite soil?

a) Soil formed from volcanic ash

b) Soil rich in humus and organic matter

c) Soil with a high clay content

d) Soil with a hard, compacted structure

Question 107. Where is laterite soil primarily found in India?

a) Coastal areas

b) Mountainous regions

c) Plateaus

d) River valleys

Question 108. What are the characteristics of laterite soil?

a) Well-drained and fertile

b) Highly acidic and infertile

c) Sandy and nutrient-rich

d) Clayey and waterlogged

Question 109. Which crop is suitable for laterite soil?

a) Rice

b) Wheat

c) Tea

d) Sugarcane

Question 110. What is peaty soil?

a) Soil formed from the deposition of silt

b) Soil with a high content of organic matter

c) Soil rich in minerals and nutrients

d) Soil formed from the weathering of limestone

Question 111. Where is peaty soil commonly found?

a) Coastal areas

b) River deltas

c) Wetlands and marshes

d) Mountainous regions

Question 112. What are the characteristics of peaty soil?

a) Well-drained and fertile

b) Sandy and coarse texture

c) High water retention and acidic

d) Clayey and compacted

Question 113. What is the primary use of peaty soil?

a) Crop cultivation

b) Construction material

c) Fuel production

d) Wildlife conservation

Question 114. What is alkaline soil?

a) Soil with a high pH value

b) Soil with a low pH value

c) Soil rich in organic matter

d) Soil with a high clay content

Question 115. Where is alkaline soil commonly found in India?

a) Coastal areas

b) Arid regions

c) River valleys

d) Mountainous regions

Question 116. What are the characteristics of alkaline soil?

a) High fertility and moisture retention

b) Sandy and well-drained

c) Low fertility and poor water penetration

d) Clayey and compacted

Question 117. What crops are suitable for alkaline soil?

a) Rice and wheat

b) Sugarcane and cotton

c) Tea and coffee

d) Millets and pulses

Question 118. What is the primary cause of soil erosion?

a) Over-irrigation

b) Deforestation

c) Industrial activities

d) Earthquakes and landslides

Question 119. What are the consequences of soil erosion?

a) Decreased water availability

b) Increased soil fertility

c) Enhanced biodiversity

d) Reduced agricultural productivity

Question 120. How can soil erosion be prevented?

a) Afforestation and proper land management

b) Increased mining and quarrying activities

c) Expansion of agricultural land

d) Reduction of vegetation cover

Question 121. What is terrace farming?

a) A method of farming on slopes with steps or terraces

b) A method of farming underwater

c) A method of farming in arid regions

d) A method of farming in urban areas

Question 122. What is the purpose of terrace farming?

a) To prevent soil erosion and conserve water

b) To increase crop yields in urban areas

c) To promote deforestation and land degradation

d) To reduce the need for irrigation

Question 123. What is contour ploughing?

a) A method of ploughing in a straight line across a slope

b) A method of ploughing in a circular pattern

c) A method of ploughing parallel to the slope contours

d) A method of ploughing in a zigzag pattern

Question 124. What is the purpose of contour ploughing?

a) To increase the efficiency of ploughing

b) To enhance water drainage from the fields

c) To maximise crop production in a limited area

d) To prevent soil erosion by reducing water runoff

Question 125. What is crop rotation?

a) The process of growing multiple crops in the same field simultaneously

b) The process of growing the same crop year after year

c) The process of alternating the crops grown in a specific field over time

d) The process of growing crops without the use of soil

Question 126. What is the purpose of crop rotation?

a) To reduce the need for fertilisers and pesticides

b) To increase the yield of a specific crop

c) To eliminate the growth of weeds in the field

d) To improve soil fertility and prevent the buildup of pests and diseases

Question 127. What is mulching?

a) The process of removing weeds from the field

b) The process of covering the soil with a protective layer of organic material

c) The process of irrigating the crops using a sprinkler system

d) The process of harvesting the crops at the appropriate time

Question 128. What is the purpose of mulching?

a) To prevent soil erosion and conserve moisture

b) To increase the temperature of the soil

c) To control the growth of beneficial insects

d) To reduce the need for irrigation

Question 129. What is organic farming?

a) A method of farming that uses synthetic fertilisers and pesticides

b) A method of farming that involves the use of genetically modified crops

c) A method of farming that relies on natural fertilisers and pest control methods

d) A method of farming that focuses on maximising crop yields

Question 130. What is the purpose of organic farming?

a) To reduce the environmental impact of agricultural practices

b) To increase the shelf life of harvested crops

c) To eliminate the need for irrigation in farming

d) To produce larger and faster-growing crops

Question 131. What is green manure?

a) Manure produced from green-coloured animals

b) Manure that is rich in nitrogen

c) Crops that are grown and ploughed under to improve soil fertility

d) Manure produced from organic waste materials

Question 132. What is the purpose of green manure?

a) To provide a source of food for livestock

b) To enhance the growth of weeds in the field

c) To replenish soil nutrients and improve soil structure

d) To increase the pH level of the soil

Question 133. What is soil conservation?

a) The process of conserving soil in a museum or exhibition

b) The process of protecting soil from erosion and degradation

c) The process of increasing soil production through intensive farming practices

d) The process of replacing natural soil with artificial soil substitutes

Question 134. What are some methods of soil conservation?

a) Irrigation and overgrazing

b) Deforestation and mining

c) Crop rotation and contour ploughing

d) Pollution and landfills

Question 135. What is the role of the government in soil conservation?

a) To encourage unsustainable farming practices

b) To regulate and enforce laws related to soil conservation

c) To promote deforestation and land degradation

d) To ignore the issue of soil erosion and degradation

Question 136. How does soil erosion impact water quality?

a) It improves water quality by adding essential nutrients

b) It reduces water quality by increasing sedimentation and pollution

c) It has no impact on water quality

d) It increases the pH level of water

Question 137. What is desertification?

a) The process of turning fertile land into a desert

b) The process of creating artificial desserts for recreational purposes

c) The process of converting deserts into fertile land through irrigation

d) The process of planting trees in arid regions to prevent desert formation

Question 138. What are the causes of desertification?

a) Excessive rainfall and flooding

b) Deforestation and overgrazing

c) Construction of dams and reservoirs

d) Increased agricultural productivity

Question 139. What are the consequences of desertification?

a) Increased biodiversity and ecosystem stability

b) Decreased agricultural productivity and displacement of populations

c) Improved soil fertility and water availability

d) Expansion of arable land and crop diversification

Question 140. What is the importance of soil conservation for sustainable agriculture?

a) It ensures high crop yields and profitability

b) It protects natural resources and preserves the environment

c) It promotes intensive farming practices for maximum productivity

d) It reduces the need for irrigation and fertilisers

Question 141. What is soil salinity?

a) The presence of saltwater bodies in the soil

b) The process of removing salt from the soil

c) The accumulation of salts in the soil

d) The process of converting saline soil into fertile soil

Question 142. What are the causes of soil salinity?

a) Excessive irrigation and waterlogging

b) Deforestation and soil erosion

c) Overgrazing and desertification

d) Industrial pollution and chemical contamination

Question 143. What are the effects of soil salinity on plant growth?

a) Enhanced nutrient uptake and improved growth

b) Increased resistance to pests and diseases

c) Reduced water absorption and stunted growth

d) Accelerated photosynthesis and higher yields

Question 144. How can soil salinity be managed?

a) By applying more fertilisers and pesticides

b) By implementing proper drainage systems

c) By increasing irrigation frequency and volume

d) By removing all salt-affected plants from the soil

Question 145. What is soil compaction?

a) The process of loosening the soil structure

b) The process of reducing soil erosion

c) The process of increasing soil fertility

d) The process of soil particles being pressed together tightly

Question 146. What are the causes of soil compaction?

a) Adequate rainfall and organic matter content

b) Excessive tilling and heavy machinery

c) Plant roots and earthworm activity

d) Erosion and sedimentation

Question 147. What are the effects of soil compaction on plant growth?

a) Enhanced nutrient uptake and stronger root development

b) Increased resistance to drought and pests

c) Reduced water infiltration and restricted root growth

d) Accelerated photosynthesis and higher yields

Question 148. How can soil compaction be prevented or remedied?

a) By using smaller machinery and reducing tilling

b) By applying excessive amounts of fertilisers

c) By removing all plant roots from the soil

d) By increasing the frequency of irrigation

Question 149. What is soil pollution?

a) The process of enriching soil with beneficial microorganisms

b) The presence of synthetic chemicals and pollutants in the soil

c) The process of increasing soil fertility through natural means

d) The elimination of all living organisms from the soil

Question 150. What are the sources of soil pollution?

a) Organic matter decomposition and microbial activity

b) Natural weathering processes and erosion

c) Industrial activities, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal

d) Plant roots and insect activity

Question 151. What is the purpose of soil conservation practices?

a) To promote soil erosion

b) To increase soil fertility

c) To encourage desertification

d) To degrade soil quality

Question 152. What is desertification?

a) The process of soil formation

b) The removal of topsoil by wind or water

c) The conversion of fertile land into a desert-like area

d) The deposition of sediments in river valleys

Question 153. Which of the following is a method of water conservation in agriculture?

a) Over-irrigation

b) Open-field cultivation

c) Drip irrigation

d) Deforestation

Question 154. What is the purpose of crop rotation in agriculture?

a) To reduce soil erosion

b) To increase the use of chemical fertilisers

c) To deplete the soil nutrients

d) To improve soil fertility and prevent pest build-up

Question 155. Which soil conservation technique involves building small walls of soil across the slope?

a) Contour ploughing

b) Terracing

c) Strip cropping

d) Mulching

Question 156. What is the purpose of contour ploughing?

a) To increase soil erosion

b) To promote water runoff

c) To reduce soil compaction

d) To slow down water flow and reduce erosion

Question 157. What is a common cause of soil erosion in coastal areas?

a) Volcanic activity

b) Glacial movement

c) Sea-level rise

d) Soil compaction

Question 158. Which soil conservation method involves creating barriers or rows of trees or shrubs?

a) Strip cropping

b) Terrace farming

c) Shelterbelts

d) Mulching

Question 159. What is the primary purpose of shelterbelts in soil conservation?

a) To provide shade for crops

b) To promote wind erosion

c) To enhance water infiltration

d) To reduce wind speed and trap sediment

Question 160. What is the term for the process of converting arid land into fertile land through irrigation and other agricultural practices?

a) Desertification

b) Deforestation

c) Land reclamation

d) Soil degradation

Question 161. Which soil conservation technique involves leaving a strip of unploughed land along the contours of a slope?

a) Contour ploughing

b) Strip cropping

c) Terracing

d) Mulching

Question 162. What is the purpose of strip cropping?

a) To increase water runoff

b) To promote wind erosion

c) To reduce soil erosion

d) To deplete soil nutrients

Question 163. Which soil conservation method involves the use of straw, leaves, or other organic materials to cover the soil surface?

a) Strip cropping

b) Terrace farming

c) Shelterbelts

d) Mulching

Question 164. How does mulching contribute to soil conservation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By reducing soil compaction

d) By reducing soil erosion and improving soil fertility

Question 165. What is the primary cause of soil erosion in hilly areas?

a) Glacial movement

b) Deforestation

c) Over-irrigation

d) Soil compaction

Question 166. What is the term for the process of removing trees from an area of land?

a) Reforestation

b) Afforestation

c) Deforestation

d) Desertification

Question 167. How does deforestation contribute to soil erosion?

a) By reducing water runoff

b) By increasing soil compaction

c) By promoting wind erosion

d) By improving soil fertility

Question 168. What is the primary goal of afforestation?

a) To promote soil erosion

b) To increase water runoff

c) To enhance biodiversity

d) To deplete soil nutrients

Question 169. Which of the following is an example of a soil conservation practice?

a) Overgrazing

b) Monoculture farming

c) Crop rotation

d) Pesticide application

Question 170. How does crop rotation contribute to soil conservation?

a) By reducing soil compaction

b) By increasing water runoff

c) By promoting wind erosion

d) By improving soil fertility and reducing pest build-up

Question 171. What is the term for the process of converting agricultural land into desert-like conditions?

a) Desertification

b) Land reclamation

c) Soil erosion

d) Soil degradation

Question 172. What is the primary cause of desertification?

a) Glacial movement

b) Over-irrigation

c) Soil compaction

d) Deforestation

Question 173. How does over-irrigation contribute to soil degradation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By depleting soil nutrients

d) By improving soil fertility

Question 174. Which soil conservation method involves the construction of small dams or embankments to hold back water and prevent erosion?

a) Contour ploughing

b) Terracing

c) Strip cropping

d) Check dams

Question 175. What is the primary purpose of checking dams in soil conservation?

a) To increase water runoff

b) To promote wind erosion

c) To reduce soil erosion and retain water

d) To deplete soil nutrients

Question 176. What is the term for the movement of soil from one place to another by wind or water?

a) Soil erosion

b) Soil compaction

c) Soil degradation

d) Soil deposition

Question 177. What is the term for the process of compacting the soil, reducing pore spaces and limiting water infiltration?

a) Soil erosion

b) Soil compaction

c) Soil degradation

d) Soil deposition

Question 178. What is the term for the process of adding nutrients to the soil to improve its fertility?

a) Soil erosion

b) Soil compaction

c) Soil degradation

d) Soil enrichment

Question 179. What is the term for the process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller particles to form soil?

a) Soil erosion

b) Soil compaction

c) Soil degradation

d) Soil weathering

Question 180. How does soil compaction affect plant growth?

a) It promotes root development

b) It increases nutrient availability

c) It restricts root growth and reduces water infiltration

d) It enhances soil fertility

Question 181. What is the term for the process of adding organic matter to the soil to improve its structure and fertility?

a) Soil erosion

b) Soil compaction

c) Soil degradation

d) Soil amendment

Question 182. How does soil degradation affect agricultural productivity?

a) It increases crop yields

b) It improves soil fertility

c) It reduces crop yields and decreases soil quality

d) It promotes nutrient retention in the soil

Question 183. Which of the following is a consequence of soil erosion?

a) Increased soil fertility

b) Enhanced water infiltration

c) Decreased soil productivity

d) Improved soil structure

Question 184. How does soil erosion impact the environment?

a) It promotes biodiversity

b) It enhances water quality

c) It degrades habitats and can lead to sedimentation in water bodies

d) It improves soil health

Question 185. What are the three main factors that contribute to soil erosion?

a) Wind, water, and human activities

b) Glacial movement, volcanic activity, and soil compaction

c) Desertification, deforestation, and over-irrigation

d) Monoculture farming, pesticide use, and soil degradation

Question 186. How can sustainable farming practices help in soil conservation?

a) By increasing pesticide use

b) By promoting monoculture farming

c) By reducing soil erosion and preserving soil health

d) By depleting soil nutrients

Question 187. What is the term for the practice of planting a variety of crops in the same area?

a) Monoculture farming

b) Polyculture farming

c) Desertification

d) Reforestation

Question 188. How does polyculture farming contribute to soil conservation?

a) By promoting soil compaction

b) By increasing water runoff

c) By improving biodiversity and reducing pest damage

d) By depleting soil nutrients

Question 189. What is the term for the process of returning organic waste materials to the soil to improve its fertility?

a) Composting

b) Mulching

c) Terracing

d) Strip cropping

Question 190. How does composting contribute to soil conservation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By improving soil fertility and structure

d) By reducing soil erosion

Question 191. Which of the following is an example of a natural soil conservation process?

a) Desertification

b) Deforestation

c) Weathering

d) Overgrazing

Question 192. How does weathering contribute to soil formation and conservation?

a) By promoting soil compaction

b) By increasing water runoff

c) By breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller particles to form soil

d) By depleting soil nutrients

Question 193. What is the term for the practice of using water efficiently in agriculture to minimise water waste?

a) Water pollution

b) Water conservation

c) Waterlogging

d) Water erosion

Question 194. How does water conservation contribute to soil conservation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By reducing soil erosion and preserving soil moisture

d) By depleting soil nutrients

Question 195. Which of the following is a method of water conservation in agriculture?

a) Over-irrigation

b) Flood irrigation

c) Drip irrigation

d) Open channel irrigation

Question 196. How does drip irrigation contribute to soil conservation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By minimising water waste and reducing soil erosion

d) By depleting soil nutrients

Question 197. What is the term for the process of removing excess salts from the soil?

a) Salinization

b) Desalination

c) Salinity

d) Saline intrusion

Question 198. How does salinization affect soil fertility and conservation?

a) It improves soil fertility

b) It enhances water infiltration

c) It reduces soil fertility and contributes to soil degradation

d) It promotes nutrient retention in the soil

Question 199. Which of the following is a method to prevent or reduce salinization in agriculture?

a) Over-irrigation

b) Flood irrigation

c) Leaching

d) Open channel irrigation

Question 200. How does leaching contribute to soil conservation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By flushing out excess salts from the soil and improving soil quality

d) By depleting soil nutrients

Question 201. What is the term for the practice of planting trees and vegetation along riverbanks to prevent soil erosion and protect water quality?

a) Reforestation

b) Afforestation

c) Riparian buffers

d) Desertification

Question 202. How do riparian buffers contribute to soil conservation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By stabilising riverbanks, reducing soil erosion, and filtering pollutants

d) By depleting soil nutrients

Question 203. What is the term for the practice of using natural or artificial barriers to trap sediment and prevent soil erosion?

a) Sedimentation

b) Siltation

c) Sediment control

d) Sedimentation ponds

Question 204. How does sediment control contribute to soil conservation?

a) By increasing water runoff

b) By promoting wind erosion

c) By trapping sediment and preventing it from entering water bodies

d) By depleting soil nutrients

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