Control and Coordination Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Extra Questions are available here. These extra questions are a great resource for understanding the topics discussed in the textbook. By using these extra questions, you can improve your understanding and perform well in your exams. These questions have been created by subject experts at Study Shiksha to make learning easier and more accessible for you. They are meant to support you in your academic journey and help you succeed.
Control and Coordination Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Extra Questions
Question 1. How do living things respond to changes in their environment?
Answer. Living things respond to changes in their environment by moving. They use these changes to their advantage, like plants growing towards sunlight or animals digesting tough food.
Question 2. How do animals control and coordinate their actions?
Answer. Animals control and coordinate their actions through their nervous and muscular tissues.
Question 3. Where are the receptors for detecting information usually found?
Answer. Receptors for detecting information are usually found in our sense organs, like the inner ear, nose, tongue, and skin.
Question 4. What happens when the tip of a nerve cell detects information?
Answer. When the tip of a nerve cell detects information, it triggers a chemical reaction that creates an electrical signal.
Question 5. How does the electrical signal travel in the nervous system?
Answer. The electrical signal travels from the nerve cell’s tip (dendrite) to its body (cell body) and then along its long extension (axon) to the end.
Question 6. What happens at the end of the axon?
Answer. At the end of the axon, the electrical signal causes the release of chemicals.
Question 7. How does information pass from one neuron to another?
Answer. The released chemicals cross a small gap called a synapse, which triggers a similar electrical signal in the next neuron’s dendrite.
Question 8. What are the parts of a neuron involved in transferring information?
Answer. (i) The dendrite acquires information.
(ii) The axon acts as a pathway for electrical signals.
(iii) At the nerve ending, the electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal for further transmission.
Question 9. How do we use the term “reflex”?
Answer. We use the term “reflex” to describe actions that happen automatically and without us thinking about them.
Question 10. Are reflex actions a response to changes in the environment?
Answer. Yes, reflex actions are responses to sudden changes in the environment.
Question 11. How is control and coordination achieved in reflex situations?
Answer. Control and coordination in reflex situations happen through automatic and involuntary actions triggered by environmental changes.
Question 12. Is touching a flame considered urgent and dangerous?
Answer. Yes, touching a flame is considered urgent and dangerous.
Question 13. How do we typically react to touching a flame?
Answer. We typically move our hand away from the flame when we touch it.
Question 14. Is thinking a complicated activity?
Answer. Yes, thinking is a complicated activity.
Question 15. What is involved in thinking when it comes to nerve signals?
Answer. Thinking involves a complex interaction of many nerve signals from different neurons.
Question 16. What is the nature of the thinking tissue in our body?
Answer. The thinking tissue in our body consists of dense networks of intricately arranged neurons.
Question 17. Where is the thinking tissue located?
Answer. The thinking tissue is located in the front part of our skull.
Question 18. Does the thinking part of the brain connect to nerves from various parts of the body?
Answer. Yes, the thinking part of the brain in the skull connects to nerves coming from different parts of the body.
Question 19. How does the brain tell muscles to move?
Answer. The brain tells muscles to move by sending signals through nerves to different parts of the body.
Question 20. How can the process of detecting a signal and responding to it be quick?
Answer. The process can be quick if the nerves that detect the signal are directly connected to the nerves that move muscles.
Question 21. What is a reflex arc?
Answer. A reflex arc is a connection between the input nerve and the output nerve that allows for quick automatic responses.
Question 22. Where is the best place for reflex arc connections to occur?
Answer. The best place for reflex arc connections to occur is where the input nerve and output nerve first meet each other.
Question 23. Where do nerves from all over the body come together in a bundle?
Answer. Nerves from all over the body come together in a bundle called the spinal cord.
Question 24. Where are reflex arcs formed?
Answer. Reflex arcs are formed within the spinal cord itself.
Question 25. Does the information input in a reflex arc also reach the brain?
Answer. Yes, the information input in a reflex arc also reaches the brain.
Question 26. Why do animals have reflex arcs?
Answer. Animals have reflex arcs because the brain’s thinking process is not fast enough to respond quickly to certain situations.
Question 27. Do many animals have complex thinking abilities?
Answer. No, many animals have simple or no complex thinking abilities.
Question 28. Why did reflex arcs evolve?
Answer. Reflex arcs likely evolved as efficient ways of responding without the need for complex thinking.
Question 29. Are reflex arcs still efficient even with complex thinking abilities?
Answer. Yes, reflex arcs continue to be efficient for quick responses even with the evolution of complex thinking abilities.
Question 30. Is reflex action the only role of the spinal cord?
Answer. No, the spinal cord has other functions besides reflex action.
Question 31. What does the spinal cord do apart from reflex action?
Answer. The spinal cord carries information for thinking and other bodily functions.
Question 32. Where are complex thinking mechanisms located?
Answer. Complex thinking mechanisms are located in the brain.
Question 33. What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?
Answer. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Question 34. What is the role of the central nervous system?
Answer. The central nervous system receives and processes information from the body.
Question 35. Can you give examples of voluntary actions?
Answer. Examples of voluntary actions include writing, talking, moving objects, and clapping.
Question 36. What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
Answer. The peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves from the brain and spinal nerves from the spinal cord.
Question 37. What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?
Answer. The peripheral nervous system helps in communication between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
Question 38. How does the brain enable thinking and actions?
Answer. The brain integrates information and coordinates thinking and actions through its complex structure.
Question 39. What are the three main regions of the brain?
Answer. The three main regions of the brain are the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
Question 40. What is the main function of the forebrain?
Answer. The forebrain is mainly responsible for thinking.
Question 41. What do different regions of the forebrain do?
Answer. Different regions of the forebrain receive sensory information from various receptors and specialise in different senses like hearing, smell, and sight.
Question 42. What happens in the association areas of the forebrain?
Answer. In the association areas, sensory information is interpreted by combining it with other information stored in the brain.
Question 43. What is the role of the motor areas in the forebrain?
Answer. The motor areas in the forebrain control voluntary muscle movements.
Question 44. Where is the hunger centre located?
Answer. The hunger centre is located in a separate part of the forebrain.
Question 45. Can we control our mouth watering when we see food we like?
Answer. No, we cannot easily control our mouth watering when we see appetising food. It happens involuntarily.
Question 46. Can we control our heart rate by thinking about it?
Answer. No, we cannot easily control our heart rate by thinking about it. It is an involuntary action.
Question 47. Do we need to consciously think about breathing or digesting food?
Answer. No, we do not need to consciously think about breathing or digesting food. They are involuntary actions.
Question 48. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like blood pressure and vomiting?
Answer. The medulla in the hindbrain controls involuntary actions such as blood pressure and vomiting.
Question 49. Which parts of the brain control involuntary actions?
Answer. The midbrain and hindbrain are involved in controlling involuntary actions.
Question 50. Can you give examples of involuntary actions controlled by the medulla?
Answer. Examples of involuntary actions controlled by the medulla include blood pressure, salivation, and vomiting.
Question 51. What does the cerebellum do in the hindbrain?
Answer. The cerebellum helps with precise movements and maintaining balance and posture.
Question 52. Can you give examples of activities influenced by the cerebellum?
Answer. Examples of activities influenced by the cerebellum include walking in a straight line, riding a bicycle, and picking up objects.
Question 53. What happens if the cerebellum doesn’t work properly?
Answer. If the cerebellum doesn’t work properly, it can lead to difficulties in coordination, balance, and precise movements.
Question 54. Do we need to think about cerebellum-controlled activities?
Answer. No, we don’t need to consciously think about these activities for them to happen.
Question 55. Why is the cerebellum important?
Answer. The cerebellum is important for smooth movements, balance, and posture in our body.
Question 56. How is the brain protected in the body?
Answer. The brain is protected by the skull, a hard bony structure.
Question 57. What does the fluid-filled balloon inside the skull do?
Answer. The fluid-filled balloon inside the skull adds extra protection by absorbing shocks.
Question 58. What protects the spinal cord?
Answer. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column or backbone.
Question 59. What is the function of the vertebral column?
Answer. The vertebral column provides support and safeguards the spinal cord from injuries.
Question 60. What do muscles do?
Answer. Muscles enable actions and movements in our body.
Question 61. How do muscle cells move?
Answer. Muscle cells change shape and shorten to create movement.
Question 62. What allows muscle cells to change shape?
Answer. Special proteins within muscle cells change their shape in response to electrical impulses from nerves.
Question 63. What happens when these proteins change their arrangement?
Answer. The muscle cells become shorter, causing movement.
Question 64. What’s the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
Answer. Voluntary muscles are under conscious control and used for deliberate movements, while involuntary muscles work automatically without conscious control.
Question 65. Do plants have a nervous system like animals?
Answer. No, plants do not have a nervous system like animals.
Question 66. How do plants respond to stimuli?
Answer. Plants respond to stimuli through various mechanisms.
Question 67. Can you give an example of a plant’s response to touch?
Answer. The leaves of the “chhui-mui” or “touch-me-not” plant fold up and droop when touched.
Question 68. Is the movement of the sensitive plant’s leaves a result of growth?
Answer. No, the movement of the sensitive plant’s leaves in response to touch doesn’t involve growth.
Question 69. What type of movement is exhibited by a seedling?
Answer. The movement of a seedling is caused by its growth.
Question 70. Can a seedling show movement if its growth is prevented?
Answer. No, if the growth of a seedling is prevented, it won’t exhibit any movement.
Question 71. How many types of movement do plants show?
Answer. Plants show two types of movement: one dependent on growth and the other independent of growth.
Question 72. How do plants sense touch?
Answer. Plants have mechanisms that allow them to detect touch and respond accordingly.
Question 73. Where does the movement occur in plants in relation to the point of touch?
Answer. The movement occurs at a different point from the actual point of touch in plants.
Question 74. How do plants communicate touch information?
Answer. Plants use electrical and chemical signals to convey touch information from cell to cell.
Question 75. Do plants have specialised tissue for information conduction like animals?
Answer. No, unlike animals, plants don’t have specialised tissue for information conduction.
Question 76. How do plant cells change shape for movement?
Answer. Plant cells change shape by adjusting their water content, which causes them to swell or shrink and change their shape.
Question 77. How do tendrils help plants climb?
Answer. Tendrils help plants climb by wrapping around a support when they touch it.
Question 78. What happens to the part of the tendril touching the support?
Answer. The part of the tendril touching the support grows slower than the part away from the support, helping the tendril cling to the object.
Question 79. How does the different growth in different parts make the tendril cling to the object?
Answer. The slower growth on the side touching the object causes the tendril to curl around it and hold on.
Question 80. How do plants respond to stimuli?
Answer. Plants respond to stimuli by growing in specific directions.
Question 81. What happens to shoots and roots when seedlings are exposed to light?
Answer. Shoots bend towards the light, while roots bend away from the light.
Question 82. What changes occur if a plant is turned with shoots away from light and roots towards light?
Answer. The shoots and roots will change their direction of growth accordingly.
Question 83. What are tropic movements in plants?
Answer. Tropic movements in plants are directional movements in response to external factors like light or gravity.
Question 84. What are the two types of phototrophic movements?
Answer. The two types of phototrophic movements are shoots bending towards light (positive phototropism) and roots bending away from light (negative phototropism).
Question 85. How does positive phototropism benefit plants?
Answer. Positive phototropism helps plants grow towards light, which is necessary for photosynthesis and maximising sunlight exposure.
Question 86. How does negative phototropism benefit plants?
Answer. Negative phototropism helps plants direct their roots away from light, allowing them to grow deeper into the soil in search of nutrients and water.
Question 87. How do phototrophic movements benefit plants overall?
Answer. These movements help plants optimise their growth and survival by positioning shoots towards light for photosynthesis and directing roots towards the soil for nutrient absorption and stability.
Question 88. What is geotropism?
Answer. Geotropism is the growth or movement of plants in response to gravity. Roots show positive geotropism (growing downwards), while shoots exhibit negative geotropism (growing upwards and away from the ground).
Question 89. What is hydrotropism?
Answer. Hydrotropism is the growth or movement of plants in response to water. It involves the roots growing towards a water source.
Question 90. What is chemotropism?
Answer. Chemotropism is the growth or movement of plants in response to chemicals. It involves directional growth towards or away from specific chemicals.
Question 91. Can you give an example of chemotropism?
Answer. An example of chemotropism is the growth of pollen tubes towards ovules during plant reproduction. The pollen tubes are attracted to chemicals released by the ovules.
Question 92. What is the purpose of hydrotropism and chemotropism in plants?
Answer. Hydrotropism helps roots locate water sources for survival and nutrient absorption, while chemotropism guides pollen tubes towards ovules for fertilisation and reproduction.
Question 93. How does the movement of the sensitive plant differ from sunflowers?
Answer. The movement of the sensitive plant in response to touch is rapid, while the movement of sunflowers in response to day or night is slow.
Question 94. What makes growth-related movements in plants unique?
Answer. Growth-related movements in plants are slower compared to other types of movements.
Question 95. Do animal bodies have controlled directions of growth?
Answer. Yes, animal bodies have controlled directions of growth. For example, our arms and fingers grow in specific directions, not randomly.
Question 96. What is an effective means of communication in multicellular organisms?
Answer. Electrical impulses are an effective means of communication.
Question 97. What are the limitations of using electrical impulses for communication?
Answer. Electrical impulses can only reach cells connected by nervous tissue, and cells need time to reset before generating and transmitting a new impulse.
Question 98. What is another means of communication between cells in multicellular organisms?
Answer. Chemical communication is another means of cell-to-cell communication.
Question 99. Why do multicellular organisms use chemical communication?
Answer. Multicellular organisms use chemical communication because it allows communication with a wider range of cells and overcomes the limitations of electrical impulses, which require constant generation and transmission.
Question 100. What happens if stimulated cells release a chemical compound instead of generating an electrical impulse?
Answer. The chemical compound will diffuse around the original cell.
Question 101. How can other cells understand the information in the chemical compound?
Answer. Other cells have special molecules on their surfaces that can recognize and detect the chemical compound.
Question 102. What are the benefits of using chemical communication?
Answer. Chemical communication can reach all cells in the body, even those without nervous connections, and it can be continuous and consistent.
Question 103. What compounds do multicellular organisms use for control and coordination?
Answer. Multicellular organisms use hormones for control and coordination.
Question 104. How do hormones act in plants?
Answer. Hormones in plants are produced in one place and then travel to the area where they have an effect.
Question 105. What happens when growing plants sense light?
Answer. When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin helps the cells to grow longer.
Question 106. Where is auxin produced in the plant?
Answer. Auxin is produced at the tip of the shoot in plants.
Question 107. What happens to auxin when light comes from one side of the plant?
Answer. When light comes from one side of the plant, auxin moves towards the shaded side of the shoot.
Question 108. How does the concentration of auxin affect cell growth?
Answer. The concentration of auxin influences the growth of cells, causing them to grow longer on the side of the shoot that is away from the light.
Question 109. What happens as a result of auxin concentration and cell growth?
Answer. The plant appears to bend towards the light due to the effects of auxin concentration and differential cell growth.
Question 110. What are gibberellins and their role in plants?
Answer. Gibberellins are plant hormones that promote stem growth.
Question 111. What is the role of cytokinins in plants?
Answer. Cytokinins stimulate cell division in plants.
Question 112. Where are cytokinins found in higher amounts?
Answer. Cytokinins are found in higher concentrations in areas of rapid cell division, such as fruits and seeds.
Question 113. What does abscisic acid do in plants?
Answer. Abscisic acid is a hormone that inhibits plant growth.
Question 114. What are some effects of abscisic acid?
Answer. Some effects of abscisic acid include leaf wilting.
Question 115. What would happen if a chemical signal was sent along with electrical impulses?
Answer. It would reach all cells in the body and cause wide-ranging changes.
Question 116. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal glands?
Answer. Adrenaline.
Question 117. Where are the adrenal glands located?
Answer. The adrenal glands are located in the body.
Question 118. How is adrenaline transported in the body?
Answer. Adrenaline is released into the blood and carried to different parts of the body.
Question 119. Which organ is affected by adrenaline?
Answer. Adrenaline targets the heart.
Question 120. What happens to the heart when adrenaline is released?
Answer. The heart beats faster, increasing the supply of oxygen to the muscles.
Question 121. What happens to the blood supply to the digestive system and skin when adrenaline is released?
Answer. The blood supply to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contractions of small arteries in those areas.
Question 122. Where does the blood get redirected when the blood supply to the digestive system and skin is reduced?
Answer. The blood is redirected to the skeletal muscles.
Question 123. What happens to the breathing rate when adrenaline is released?
Answer. The breathing rate increases due to the contractions of the diaphragm and rib muscles.
Question 124. Why do all these responses caused by adrenaline occur?
Answer. These responses help the animal body prepare to handle a situation.
Question 125. Which system do animal hormones like adrenaline belong to?
Answer. Animal hormones like adrenaline belong to the endocrine system.
Question 126. What does the endocrine system do in our body?
Answer. The endocrine system helps control and coordinate various functions in our body.
Question 127. What do animal hormones control?
Answer. Animal hormones control different processes and functions in the body.
Question 128. Can animal hormones control the direction of growth like in plants?
Answer. No, animal hormones cannot control the direction of growth like in plants.
Question 129. How is growth different between plants and animals?
Answer. Plants can grow leaves in many different places on their bodies, but animals do not grow features like fingers on their faces.
Question 130. Is the body design maintained during the growth of children?
Answer. Yes, the body design is carefully maintained even as children grow.
Question 131. Why is it important to have iodized salt in our diet?
Answer. Iodized salt is important because it provides the iodine needed for the thyroid gland to make the thyroxine hormone.
Question 132. What does the thyroxine hormone regulate in the body?
Answer. The thyroxine hormone regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body.
Question 133. What is necessary for the synthesis of the thyroxine hormone?
Answer. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the thyroxine hormone.
Question 134. What happens if there is a lack of iodine in our diet?
Answer. If there is a lack of iodine in our diet, it can lead to the possibility of developing goitre.
Question 135. What is one symptom of goitre?
Answer. One symptom of goitre is a swollen neck.
Question 136. What is the role of the growth hormone?
Answer. The growth hormone regulates the growth and development of the body.
Question 137. What happens if there is a deficiency of growth hormone in childhood?
Answer. A deficiency of growth hormone in childhood can cause dwarfism.
Question 138. Which hormones are responsible for the significant changes during puberty?
Answer. Testosterone is responsible for the changes in males, and oestrogen is responsible for the changes in females.
Question 139. Why are some people advised to reduce sugar intake?
Answer. Some people are advised to reduce sugar intake because they have diabetes.
Question 140. What hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
Answer. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels.
Question 141. What happens if insulin is not produced in sufficient amounts?
Answer. If insulin is not produced in sufficient amounts, the blood sugar level rises and can cause harmful effects.
Question 142. How are the timing and amount of hormone release regulated?
Answer. The timing and amount of hormone release are regulated through feedback mechanisms.
Question 143. Can you give an example of a feedback mechanism related to insulin?
Answer. When blood sugar levels rise, cells in the pancreas detect it and respond by producing more insulin. As blood sugar levels decrease, insulin secretion is reduced.
Question 144. What is the function of the growth hormone?
Answer. The growth hormone stimulates growth in all organs of the body.
Question 145. Which gland secretes the growth hormone?
Answer. The pituitary gland secretes the growth hormone.
Question 146. What is the function of the thyroid gland?
Answer. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism to support body growth.
Question 147. What is the function of insulin?
Answer. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels in the body.
Question 148. Which gland secretes insulin?
Answer. The pancreas secretes insulin.
Question 149. What is the function of testosterone?
Answer. Testosterone is involved in the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.
Question 150. Which gland secretes testosterone?
Answer. The testes secrete testosterone.
Question 151. What do the ovaries do?
Answer. The ovaries help in the development of female reproductive organs, regulate the menstrual cycle, and perform other functions related to female reproduction.
Question 152. What does adrenaline do?
Answer. Adrenaline helps the body respond to stress and prepares it for the “fight-or-flight” response.
Question 153. Which gland produces adrenaline?
Answer. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands.
Question 154. What do releasing hormones do?
Answer. Releasing hormones stimulate the pituitary gland to release other hormones.
Question 155. What happens to the taste of sugar when you block your nose while eating it?
Answer. Blocking your nose while eating sugar may make its taste weaker or different.
Question 156. How is a reflex action different from walking?
Answer. Reflex actions are automatic and involuntary responses to stimuli, while walking is a voluntary and coordinated movement controlled by the brain.
Question 157. What happens at the synapse between two neurons?
Answer. At the synapse, the electrical signal passes from one neuron to another using chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
Question 158. Which part of the brain maintains posture and balance?
Answer. The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, helps maintain posture and balance.
Question 159. How do we smell an agarbatti (incense stick)?
Answer. When we inhale, odour molecules from the agarbatti bind to receptors in our nose, which send signals to the brain to interpret the smell.
Question 160. What does the brain do in a reflex action?
Answer. The brain coordinates and integrates the reflex arc, which involves receiving sensory information, processing it, and generating the appropriate motor response.
Question 161. What are plant hormones?
Answer. Plant hormones are chemicals produced by plants that regulate growth, development, and responses to the environment.
Question 162. How is the movement of leaves in the sensitive plant different from the movement of a shoot towards light?
Answer. The movement of leaves in the sensitive plant is a quick and reversible response to touch, while the movement of a shoot towards light is a slower and directional response to light.
Question 163. Can you give an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth?
Answer. Gibberellin is an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth.
Question 164. What role does the hypothalamus play in hormone release?
Answer. The hypothalamus is involved in the release of many hormones.
Question 165. Can you give an example of how the hypothalamus influences hormone release?
Answer. When the level of growth hormone is low, the hypothalamus releases growth hormone-releasing factor to stimulate the pituitary gland to release growth hormone.
Question 166. What does a growth hormone-releasing factor do?
Answer. Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulates the pituitary gland to release growth hormone.
Question 167. How does chemical coordination occur in animals?
Answer. Chemical coordination in animals happens through the release and response to hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various body processes.
Question 168. Why is it recommended to use iodized salt?
Answer. Iodized salt is recommended because iodine is necessary for the production of thyroxine hormone in the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism and ensures proper growth and development.
Question 169. How does the body respond when adrenaline is released into the blood?
Answer. When adrenaline is released into the blood, it causes increased heart rate, improved oxygen supply to muscles, reduced blood flow to the digestive system and skin, increased breathing rate, and overall preparation for a “fight-or-flight” response.
Question 170. Why do some diabetes patients receive insulin injections?
Answer. Some diabetes patients receive insulin injections because their body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin injections help regulate blood sugar levels and ensure proper use of glucose by cells.